Nāgānanda International Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences – Vol. I, Issue 01

Professor Sumanapala Galmangoda
B.A. (KLN), Ph.D. (KLN), Ayurvedic Doctor, Royal Pandit, Emeritus Professor, Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Nāgānanda International Institute for Buddhist Studies, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
Research Article : Management and Communication in Buddhist Context
 
L.P.J.R. Samendra
B.Sc (KLN), Department of Human Resource Management, University of Kelaniya,
Sri Lanka.
T.D. Weerasinghe
B.Sc (SJP), MBA (PIM-SJP), Senior Lecturer, Department of Human Resource Management, University of Kelaniya. Sri Lanka.
Research Article : Determinants of Internship Satisfaction: Study of the Management Undergraduate of a Leading State University in Sri Lanka
 
Dr. H. H. Ashoka Karunarathna
B.A. (SJP), MSc. (PGIAR), Ph.D. (SJP)
Lecturer, Department of Applied Archaeology, Humanities and Social Sciences,
Nāgānanda International Institute for Buddhist Studies, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
Research Article : Cascading Systems fed by the ancient Yodha ela canal of Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka
 
Dr. Dananjaya Gamalath
Senior Lecturer, Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology, University of Kelaniya
Dr. Nayomi Kekulawala
B.A. (SJP), M.Phil (PGIAR), Ph.D. (PGIAR),Senior Lecturer, Department of History, University of Kelaniya.
Research Article : The Hindu-Buddhist religious and social reconciliation reflected from pre-Buddhist time to the 3^rd Century AC period in Sri Lanka
 
Kasun D. Ramanayaka
B.A. (SJP), MSc (Italy)
Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
University of Sri Jayewardenepura.
Research Article : Introduction to Comparative models for Innovation theory. (Review of Chapter 14: Introduction to Modern Economic Growth by daron Acemoglu, 2008)
 
W.K.M. Wijerathna
B.A. (SJP), Ph.D. (Reading)
Department of Anthropology, Humanities and Social Sciences,
University of Sri Jayewardenepura.
Research Article : Anthropological analysis on the new trends and changes of Catholic system of belief and rituals (With Special references to Chilaw, Sri Lanka)
 
Buddhisha Jayashan Weerasuriya
B.A. (PDN), M.Phil. (Reading)
Temporary Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, University of Peradeniya.
Research Article : An Archaeological Comparison of Late Medieval Non-Religious Architecture between Kerala and Sri Lanka

Sumanapala Galmangoda
Emeritus Professor, University of Kelaniya, Dean, Faculty of Graduate Studies,
Nāgānanda International Institute for Buddhist Studies, Sri Lanka.

Abstract:
This article examines the fundamental aims and the objective of Buddhism depending on its world view. For instance, the vision of Buddhist order is to realize nibbana, the cessation of suffering. Its mission is to propagate the Buddha’s message throughout the world for the sake of all beings. The order of monks and nuns has rendered its service over two thousand and five hundred years in order to fulfil the above vision and mission. While observing the evolution of this process related to the order of sangha the article compares the main concepts of modern management system with those of the sangha society. Further, it introduces some unique concepts of Buddhist management system which can be considered as a contribution to the modern concept of management. Communication is an essential part of management and verbal communication has been the main medium of communication in the propagation of Buddhism throughout the world. So, the Buddhist sources include a wealth of information regarding the nature of language and its usage in the context of verbal communication. The important facts relevant to the subject have been elucidated with reference to the doctrinal and historical explanations in the early Buddhist sources.

Keywords: Communication, Management, verbal Communication, Buddhist sources

L. P. J. R. Samendra
Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management
Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.

T. D. Weerasinghe
Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management
Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.

Abstract:
Internship training has become an integral part of management degree programs offered in state and private universities in Sri Lanka. Even though the academic world focuses on internship training, a little attention has been given to examine the internship satisfaction. However, the internship satisfaction considered a critical factor in creating the desired graduate. Therefore, the current study attempts to examine, the determinants of internship satisfaction of commerce and management undergraduates providing the evidence from a leading state university in Sri Lanka. In addition to that, this study intends to contribute to filling the literature gap by investigating the associations between the determinants: university support; job characteristics; working environment; and the contextual factors with the internship satisfaction. Hence, this was a quantitative, cross-sectional study in which primary data were collected through a standard questionnaire distributed as an online google form to a sample of 237 final year undergraduates of the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka selected via the simple random sampling technique. Correlation and simple regression analysis were used to test the advanced hypotheses with the aid of SPSS and Excel. Findings reveal a significant positive impact of university support, job characteristics, working environment, and contextual factors on internship satisfaction of management undergraduates in the context. Accordingly, it is concluded that, if there is satisfaction in any of these four factors (university support, job characteristics, working environment, and contextual factors) the interns will be retained in that organization. The study results underlined that, if the right and preferred methodologies are being adopted in internships, interns will be able to obtain a greater level of exposure from their internships. Furthermore, this study raises the need for stakeholders to look at the determinants of internship satisfaction in a more serious and holistic approach.

Keywords: Contextual factors, Internship satisfaction, Job characteristics, University support, Working environment

H.H.A. Karunarathna
Lecturer, Department of Applied Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,
Nāgānanda International Institute for Buddhist Studies, Sri Lanka.

Abstract:
The settlements existed before the creation of irrigation works, fulfilled their requirements of water through natural resources which were arranged according to the natural landscape settings. Anuradhapura old Yodha Ela coming under this study and well before its creation, the settlements spread in the Kala Oya Valley upper lands, fulfilled their water requirements through cascade systems right from the early historical period. According to the sloping of the terrain from the uppermost lands up to the lowermost lands, the cascade is a system made up of a network of village tanks. The problem of this research study is to establish as to why Yodha Ela was constructed later on through this zone although the Kala Oya valley uppermost lands received water from the cascade. The objective of the research study, is to examine the cascade which existed before the construction of the Yodha Ela, and the environmental and physiological factors that caused their structural changes. In order to justify the research objective, and during the data collection, GPS, study of aerial photographs, drawing up of plans, earth coring methods, and during data analysis the use of GIS, examination of soil profiles, calculation of the mean sea levels, and the like research methodologies were followed. As the result of this research, establishment of the spread of the village tanks in this zonal area before construction of the Yodha Ela, physical grouping of the cascade, establishment of the topographical landscape pattern of the cascade system, to build up the case that Yodha Ela is a facilitating component of the cascade systems, and the establishment of the functionality of the Yodha Ela and the cascade, was done. Even though in the previous researches, the originating water resources of the cascade system was done, their functionality, and classification of topographical patterns have not been done. But the manner in which the activities of the cascade changed with the early historic irrigation works have not been covered those previous studies. In this research, the structural pattern of cascade as an early water management methodology of the zonal area through which the Yodha Ela flowed and an understanding of the topographical landscape pattern accordingly, variations in the climatic factors, population density, agricultural works, and changes due to the variations in those factors, through the cascade and as a facilitating component the construction of the Yodha Ela during the early historic period, and parallel to those water management methodologies, migration of settlements from the uppermost to the lowermost zonal areas, which factors were established in this research study.

Keywords: Water Management, cascade, Soil moisture, Groundwater, Topographical Pattern, Settlements

Dr. Dananjaya Gamalath
Senior Lecturer, Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.

Dr. Nayomi Kekulawala
Senior Lecturer, Department of History, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.

Abstract:
This topic and the research undergone the subject of Historical Archaeology and its social factors which were covering major part of nature of the subject. The Archaeological evidence confirms that the cross-cultural and social ties between the people of South India and Sri Lanka in pre-Buddhist time of the history are being revealed from earlier years. Archaeological evidence of various artefacts as well as settlements such as coins, pots and carvings belonging to the pre- Buddhist period have been found in the North, North Central, North Western and Eastern as well as Southern Provinces of Sri Lanka. According to these facts, among the religious beliefs practiced by the people in the early period before the conversion to Buddhism were tree worship, rock worship and sun deities, etc, these religions attributed divinity to objects of nature are prominent, and there is evidence that religions such as phallic worship, which were part of the Vedic Hindu faith, were prevalent among the people

Keywords: Buddhism, Hinduism, Brahmanism, reconciliation, equality

Kasun D. Ramanayake
Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura.

Abstract:
This review paper introduces basic endogenous technological change models based on comparative innovations with research and development (R&D). Mainly this paper explains three endogenous growth models. Those are The Baseline Model of Competitive Innovations, One-Sector Schumpeterian Growth Model, and Step-by-Step Innovations Model. The methodology of this paper based on the review paper structure and referenced to the book: Introduction to Modern Economic Growth by Daron Acemoglu written in 2008. Also, qualitative review concepts have meaningfully integrated into this study. This review has identified, these models were relatively interconnected with the R&D and Innovations. These all models have identified technology is generating new machine, and machines are working in the production process with skill labors in R&D field. Machines have been utilizing in production. It has been working to either improve the quality of an existing product or lower production costs. However, innovation is not the same as creating machines. Because innovation has been increasing quality and reducing costs in the production using the replacement impact, which should be more involved in the Research and Development process (R&D) than those who make just machines. In conclusion, the replacement impact has based on the previous version of the technology. Simply replacement impact is a comparative replacement. This replacement has basted on the R&D. Therefore, this deference is made by comparative innovations.

Keywords: Baseline Model, One-Sector Model, Step-by-Step Model

W.K.M. Wijayarathna
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.

Abstract:
Christianity is a religion based upon the teachings and miracles of Jesus. It plays one of the main moves around Chilaw, Nattandiya and Wennapuwa, Sri Lanka. This research examines the new trends and changes of the system called beliefs and rituals in Christianity. Catholic is the main Church in this area, and due to various reasons, several changes occurred in their belief and ritual system. Prominent example is during their early practices using Latin as the official language, the community did not familiar with the church because of the language difference and after these changes, administration made native language as their main performing language. This explorative, descriptive study based on these faiths and their significant characteristics. In this research, the sample size is 40 and respective fathers, sisters, brothers, and devotees were purposively interviewed utilizing unstructured interview method. The main aim of this research is to provide an anthropological knowledge of the latest trends in Catholic beliefs and rituals, through the changes of Sri Lankan social system and Christianity using Chilaw as the research area. To accomplish this research, the researcher utilized interviews, observation, and participant observation. In this study, the researcher observed that the administration as well as the Catholic devotees are still protecting the physical cultural materials of the Church. Prominent characteristics in Catholic beliefs and rituals are changed and modified due to complex social and cultural changes.

Keywords: Believes, Christianity, Catholicism, Denominations, Rituals

Buddisha Jayashan Weerasuriya
Assistant Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

Abstract:
Literary sources do not contain much information about significant events that took place in the history of a country, but it is not difficult to find them through archaeological sources. Although, it is difficult to confirm something that happened in history, it is possible if the information obtained from the archaeology matches any picture of the past in line with the sources of historical literature. This study of non-religious architecture in Kerala and Sri Lanka can be called a research of that kind. This study focuses on predominant similarities in non-religious architecture between Kerala and Sri Lanka with an archaeological perspective. The main purpose of this study is to show how an architectural tradition developed in the late medieval period is different from the architectural style used in Sri Lanka until then. Here the late medieval period after the 13th century and here the colonial period is also studied. In this study, the data was collected by conducting field visits to some of the chosen regions of Kerala and Sri Lanka, and the snowball sampling method was used to achieve this. The research required the study of a number of architectural textbooks as well as historical sources in parallel with archaeological sources. After classifying the collected data, the anomalies of the architectural features of the two zones were studied. The study concludes by examining the theoretical factors that contributed to the building of architectural similarities between Kerala and Sri Lanka.

Keywords: Architecture, late medieval period, Kerala, similarity, Sri Lanka